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Title at the top reads Affirming the Consequent. Text below it reads If P then Q. Q. Therefore, P. Website critikid.com appears in the bottom corner.

Affirming the Consequent

When Bob drinks coffee after 2 pm, he sleeps poorly. He slept poorly, so he must have had coffee after 2 pm.

Affirming the consequent takes this form:
If P, then Q.
Q.
Therefore, P.

In the coffee example,
P: Bob drinks coffee after 2 pm.
Q: Bob doesn’t sleep well.

It is a fallacy because P is not necessarily the only thing that causes Q. For example, alcohol might cause Bob to sleep poorly, too.

This can be tricky because the fallacy looks similar to modus ponens, a valid argument form:

If P, then Q.
P.
Therefore, Q.

Example:
If Bob drinks coffee after 2 pm, he doesn’t sleep well. Bob drank coffee after 2 pm, so he didn’t sleep well. (valid)

Back to the Formal Fallacy Handbook


Introduce your teens to formal logic through Critikid's Logic for Teens.


Courses

Fallacy Detectors

Fallacy Detectors

Develop the skills to tackle logical fallacies through a series of 10 science-fiction videos with activities. Recommended for ages 8 and up.

US$15

Social Media Simulator

Social Media Simulator

Teach your kids to spot misinformation and manipulation in a safe and controlled environment before they face the real thing. Recommended for ages 9 and up.

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A Statistical Odyssey

A Statistical Odyssey

Learn about common mistakes in data analysis with an interactive space adventure. Recommended for ages 12 and up.

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Logic for Teens

Logic for Teens

Learn how to make sense of complicated arguments with 14 video lessons and activities. Recommended for ages 13 and up.

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Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence

Learn to recognize, understand, and manage your emotions. Designed by child psychologist Ronald Crouch, Ph.D. Recommended for ages 5 to 8.

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Worksheets

Logical Fallacies Worksheets and Lesson Plans

Logical Fallacies Worksheets and Lesson Plans

Teach your grades 3-7 students about ten common logical fallacies with these engaging and easy-to-use lesson plans and worksheets.

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Symbolic Logic Worksheets

Symbolic Logic Worksheets

Worksheets covering the basics of symbolic logic for children ages 13 and up.

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Elementary School Worksheets and Lesson Plans

Elementary School Worksheets and Lesson Plans

These lesson plans and worksheets teach students in grades 2-5 about superstitions, different perspectives, facts and opinions, the false dilemma fallacy, and probability.

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Middle School Worksheets and Lesson Plans

Middle School Worksheets and Lesson Plans

These lesson plans and worksheets teach students in grades 5-8 about false memories, confirmation bias, Occam’s razor, the strawman fallacy, and pareidolia.

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High School Worksheets and Lesson Plans

High School Worksheets and Lesson Plans

These lesson plans and worksheets teach students in grades 8-12 about critical thinking, the appeal to nature fallacy, correlation versus causation, the placebo effect, and weasel words.

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Statistical Shenanigans Worksheets and Lesson Plans

Statistical Shenanigans Worksheets and Lesson Plans

These lesson plans and worksheets teach students in grades 9 and up the statistical principles they need to analyze data rationally.

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