Survivorship Bias

This is based on a true story of airplanes coming back from missions during World War II. People wanted to add armor to the planes to make them safer.

At first, they thought about putting extra armor where the bullet holes were. However, a statistician pointed out that the bullet holes on the planes that returned were actually where planes could survive being hit. The planes that didn't come back, which they couldn't see, were likely hit in different spots that led to total destruction. The smart decision was to put extra armor in the areas where the returning planes did not have bullet holes in order to protect them from total destruction.